Integrated AC & DC Design & Analysis
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PETRONAS RAPID project is the largest oil & gas refinery and petrochemical plant in Malaysia which is powered by a 1200MW utilities plant and connected to a 275kV Grid supply. The integrated ETAP model for the RAPID complex reached up to 5000 buses that consist of various distribution voltages from 400V up to 275kV. Protection Coordination evaluation study for the RAPID complex was performed using “PD Sequence-of-Operation” to identify abnormal relay behavior, which may not be observed in the conventional TCC curve. When simulating earth fault at 275kV system, there is sympathetic relay operation at all 275kV healthy feeders due to circulating earth fault current. The circulating earth fault current is more than 1pu, which will potentially cause a broader outage to the RAPID complex. Further analysis has been performed by the author and academician experts to ascertain the root cause of the circulating earth fault current. This presentation will discuss the root cause of sympathetic relay operation during 275kV earth fault simulations and the recommended solutions to mitigate the sympathetic operation. This will help engineering design firms and plant operators clearly understand the protection relay behavior during faults by utilizing ETAP special features.
This presentation aims to explain the necessary steps to comply with national grid code standards; an exemplary case of a steel manufacturing plant with intensive use of induction furnaces and a THD that exceeded the Grid Code's limits. This presentation highlights compliance, analysis, engineering (electrical power system studies), and equipment designed to comply with the technical criteria and mitigation. ETAP was used to size a filter to mitigate harmonics and improve the power factor for 34.5 kV transformers for grid code compliance.
Co-simulation is the cooperative simulation of a system model through different software packages. Collaborative simulation, as such, spans more physics domains and offers more insight than single-domain engines alone. Therefore, the collective composition of its parts enables multi-domain, multi-physics simulation results. ETAP CoSim™ enables ETAP simulation engines to collaborate and interact. For example, the ETAP Time Domain Power Flow can co-simulate with ETAP Harmonic Analysis to assess harmonics distortion over time. ETAP CoSim platform also enables ETAP and 3rd party tools to co-simulate and solve large, complex, and multi-disciplinary system models—collectively via an efficient API surface. The ability to co-simulate with third-party software extends existing software capabilities into the multi-physics domain and greater situational awareness. This solution presentation will introduce the concepts of co-simulation and the flexible ETAP CoSim platform. The presentation will also highlight commercial use-cases of Phasor and Electromagnetic co-simulation using emtCoSim™ and Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL).
Many protection functions such as over/under frequency, out-of-step, generator loss of excitation are set based on power system dynamic characteristics. These protection functions were conventionally set with the assumption that, system dynamics are predictable using simplistic and aggregated models. Higher penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) has made power system dynamics considerably more complex to predict through conventional approaches. ETAP offers a new solution to perform unified protection and transient stability study to accurately capture interactions between system dynamics and protection system. This solution allows protection engineers and network planners to 1- tune protection settings to act properly during system dynamics, 2- design and test remedial protection schemes, 3- evaluate all protection functions such as out-of-step, overcurrent and generator loss of excitation protection function and 4- perform grid code studies that require evaluating DER performance along with its protection system.
The traditional power system model and desktop-based analysis work well for greenfield projects. It becomes incredibly challenging to make use of the modeling in a brownfield project. The network routes are limited by existing infrastructure and road layouts. A new design for a built-up urban area is possible by multiple iterations of cable lengths, optimal routes, placement of electrical assets, etc. The iterative process becomes more manageable by having a georeferenced map of all interest areas with high accuracy. GIS-based software becomes extremely helpful to undertake a brownfield design. However, the challenge remains in extracting the GIS data into a power system software in executing the electrical analysis. ETAP is breaking ground in this avenue. EnergyTron is closely working to implement this on a large scale, potentially the largest in the world for this type of project analysis. Read more
Due to system shutdowns stemming from drastic frequency decline associated with the loss of relatively large generating units, Fortis TCI embarked on exploring opportunities to curtail these events to improve system response. This was achieved through detailed modeling and validation of system parameters with event data gathered from previous events. Carefully implemented Remedial Action Schemes are currently explored to provide cost-saving benefits; significantly improving frequency response, without the need for larger spinning reserves and minimize investment costs for BESS.
Solution introduction & case study presentation. Remote Management of Protection Relays - Improved Productivity & Compliance BenefitsThis presentation aims to define and demonstrate the importance of the remote management of protection relays in large power system networks. A protection system is vital for network security and reliability. A centralized system should aim to get each protection relay setting, records, logic, and status quickly and efficiently so that all these data can be analyzed, managed, and utilized.In OETC grid stations, there are more than 4000 protection relays installed. OETC network is rapidly expanding every year. There are incidences of tripping due to various reasons. These isolated equipment restorations can be done faster if protection relays fault records, events retrieved through remote access. ETAP and OETC are jointly working on conceptualizing and implementing a fully functional system for remote relay access and data retrieval – eProtect.This presentation discusses the technical requirements, networking solutions, cybersecurity requirements, features, testing, validating system requirements, and detailed benefits. Challenges faced during implementation will be discussed together with their resolution.
The ETAP/ePHASORSIM hybrid power system solution is ideally suited for installing and certifying any new device on the grid for protection, monitoring and control, thus reducing risk and costly commissioning time—as well as validation of reliability and security of any transmission, distribution and generation grid before implementation. Users can simulate SIL and HIL scenarios in real time, greatly reducing time-to-market. We will demonstrate the time-savings and value of this solution by exporting an ETAP model to ePHASORsim and controlling it in closed-loop with ETAP’s controller hardware. To fine-tune the response, we will change the ETAP model, export again, the re-start the simulation—a cycle commonly observed in testing environments.
Microgrid Analysis & Design is an essential step for Microgrid Implementation. Upfront design and analysis of the target microgrid system, whether for brownfield or green-field Microgrid implementation, can help drive both technical and financial benefits, including determining optimized generation assets required to meet the microgrid objectives as well as a projection of return on investments. Analysis & design from safety, reliability, and financial perspective are critical for successful microgrid implementation to minimize the impact and rework during the installation phase. This presentation will provide recommendations on best practices for Microgrid Analysis & Design.