Resource Center

Implementation of a Switched Capacitor Control Scheme

• White Paper | Case Study

This white paper discusses the implementation of a voltage control switch capacitor scheme by means of the user-defined dynamic modeling (UDM) tools in ETAP.

Medium Voltage Controllable Fuse

• White Paper | Case Study

This white paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the modeling of Mersen’s medium voltage controllable fuses (MVCF) in ETAP.

Wind Industry Focus: ETAP Wind Turbine Generator

• White Paper | Technical Paper

Power engineers are using ETAP to model wind turbine generators, model turbine and controller characteristics for dynamic stability analysis, and calculate megawatts (MW) and reactive power generation based on wind speed and turbine characteristics.

Using Genetic Algorithm for Distributed Generation Allocation to Reduce Losses and Improve Voltage Profile

• White Paper | Technical Paper

This paper presents a method for the optimal allocation of Distributed generation in distribution systems.

Resource Scheduling Under Uncertainty in a Smart Grid with Renewables and Plug-in Vehicles

• White Paper | Technical Paper

Insert legends, text, and tables into one-line diagrams using OLE and ActiveX objects

• White Paper | Technical Paper

Instructions on how to use OLE and ActiveX objects.

Impact of Harmonics on Performance of Over-Current Relays

• White Paper | Technical Paper

This Paper investigates the impact of power system harmonics on the performance of over-current relays.

Hazards of Single-Phase Arc Flash

• White Paper | Technical Paper

This article presents different methods for assessing the hazards of high- and low-voltage 1-phase equipment. One common question being asked is how to determine the hazard level associated with 1-Phase (1-P) Arc Flash (AF) incidents. There is very little information about this type of circuit in the available guidelines such as CSA Z462-08, NFPA 70E 2009 & IEEE 1584 2002. If the right risk level is not properly determined, we run the risk of over-protecting or under-protecting personnel that are working on this type of electrical system. The objective of this article is to present different methods for assessing the hazards of high and low voltage 1-P equipment, and to justify the results taking into consideration the behavior of arc faults at different voltage levels.

Evaluating the Hazards of Low-Voltage Arcs

• White Paper | Technical Paper

Methods available for calculating the incident energy released by an arc fault in low-voltage equipment and considerations to determine the worst-possible hazard associated with energized work at different locations of the equipment.

Evaluating NFPA 70E Arc Flash Hazard Category Tables

• White Paper | Technical Paper

This article sheds some light onto the assumptions and generalizations utilized by the NFPA 70E Table 130.7(C)(9)(a) and to describe its limitations and shortcomings which may lead to an improper selection of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).