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Learn how ETAP DC Arc Flash Analysis software calculates the incident energy for photovoltaic systems, while considering different methods such as Maximum Power, Stokes and Oppenlander, Paukert, DGUV-I-203-077. This presentation shows how ETAP applies the DC arc incident energy models developed in IEEE "Methods for Evaluating DC Arc Incident Energy in Photovoltaic Systems"
This case study presented by Vu Duc Quang, Deputy Director of Training, Research and Development Center, at PECC2 in Vietnam, explains how peaking electricity consumption in North - and high penetration of renewable energy sources in South Vietnam pose great pressure on the grid. PECC2 utilized ETAP to model Vietnam's power system, calculate and analyze power systems scenarios, identify the optimal location and install capacity of Battery Energy Storage Systems, based on the criteria of reducing/avoiding overload of the power grid and peak shaving. This presentation will demonstrate how BESS solutions with capacity and location calculated with ETAP have shown a clear effect in reducing the power system’s overload.
Learn how engineers use ETAP Harmonic Analysis software to simulate harmonic current and voltage sources, identify harmonic problems, reduce nuisance trips, design, and test filters, and report harmonic voltage and current distortion limit violations on balanced or unbalanced systems. Additionally, for transmission and distribution system operators, Harmonic Grid Code automates harmonic analysis for detailed power quality assessment reporting demonstrating the generation facility is designed to comply with applicable harmonic limits. Study reports include worst-case incremental and total harmonic distortion, frequency-dependent Thevenin Equivalent at PCC, and color-coded impedance loci charts.
The variable nature of renewable energy introduces power quality concerns, including frequency and voltage control, that may negatively impact the reliable performance of a power system. Grid codes, interconnection, or evacuation criteria must be followed during the proposed system design and continue to maintain compliance under grid-connected operation. ETAP Grid Code is a model-driven solution that includes software tools and control hardware to ensure local grid codes or standards compliance throughout the power system design and operations lifecycle.
City of Azusa, California, located east of Los Angeles, serves approximately 17,000 electrical customers. The full-service electric division is committed to providing safe & reliable operations to all customers, from residential to large commercial and industrial. In 2021, the department realized the then-existing infrastructure no longer met their needs and expectations. Relying on different systems for various applications, data management and its transfer has proven inefficient and prone to errors as well as the lack of local support; they recognized the potential of ETAP's fully-integrated, unified SCADA platform.
Learn how to determine optimal cable sizes, physical attributes, and maximum ampacity using ETAP’s Underground Raceway System module, ensuring that cables in duct banks or directly buried are operating within their maximum potential capacity. The advanced graphical interface allows for design of cable raceway systems to meet existing and future needs by using precise calculations to determine the required cable sizes, physical capabilities, and maximum derated capacity / ampacity. In addition, transient temperature analysis computes temperature profiles for cable currents, reducing the risk of damage to cable systems under emergency conditions. All cable steady-state temperature calculations are based on the Neher-McGrath Method and the IEC 60287 Standard.
Learn how to determine optimal cable sizes, physical attributes, and maximum ampacity using ETAP’s Underground Raceway System module, ensuring that cables in duct banks or directly buried are operating within their maximum potential capacity. In addition, transient temperature analysis computes temperature profiles for cable currents, reducing the risk of damage to cable systems under emergency conditions. All cable steady-state temperature calculations are based on the Neher-McGrath Method and the IEC 60287 Standard.
Renewable energy systems continue to be one of the fastest growing segments of the energy industry. This paper focuses on the understanding of how photovoltaic (PV) technology behaves under dc arc conditions.