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Hazards of Single-Phase Arc Flash
This article presents different methods for assessing the hazards of high- and low-voltage 1-phase equipment. One common question being asked is how to determine the hazard level associated with 1-Phase (1-P) Arc Flash (AF) incidents. There is very little information about this type of circuit in the available guidelines such as CSA Z462-08, NFPA 70E 2009 & IEEE 1584 2002. If the right risk level is not properly determined, we run the risk of over-protecting or under-protecting personnel that are working on this type of electrical system. The objective of this article is to present different methods for assessing the hazards of high and low voltage 1-P equipment, and to justify the results taking into consideration the behavior of arc faults at different voltage levels.
Evaluating the Hazards of Low-Voltage Arcs
Methods available for calculating the incident energy released by an arc fault in low-voltage equipment and considerations to determine the worst-possible hazard associated with energized work at different locations of the equipment.
Evaluating NFPA 70E Arc Flash Hazard Category Tables
This article sheds some light onto the assumptions and generalizations utilized by the NFPA 70E Table 130.7(C)(9)(a) and to describe its limitations and shortcomings which may lead to an improper selection of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Assessing Low-Voltage Arc Hazards
This article explains how arc flash software is essential to identifying and analyzing high-risk arc flash areas, so you can help keep your electrical staff safer.
Limitations of Arc Flash Hazard Tables
It's important to understand the Hazard/Risk Category levels listed in NFPA 70E, but just as important to understand the limitations of these tables.
User-Defined Dynamic Models
The ETAP User-Defined Dynamic Models software can be used to build complex machine control diagrams via a graphical editor, customizable block libraries, and solvers for modeling and simulating dynamic systems.
Underground Raceway Systems
Underground Raceway Systems helps engineers to design cable systems to operate to their maximum potential while providing secure and reliable operation.
Unbalanced Load Flow
With ETAP Unbalanced Load Flow module, you can easily model your unbalanced system with detailed representation of component unsymmetrical characteristics.
Transmission Line - Sag and Tension
ETAP Transmission Line Sag and Tension Analysis module is an important tool to perform sag and tension calculation for transmission and distribution lines to ensure adequate operating condition for the lines.
