Unbalanced Network Harmonic Analysis

The high-demand on current power system infrastructure for EVs, distributed generation and inverter-based resource integration introduces the need for unbalanced network harmonic analysis. Single-phase charging vehicles and inverter positive and negative sequence voltage and current controls require the evaluation of harmonic content on a per-phase basis.

ETAP Unbalanced Harmonic Analysis module performs harmonic load flow and frequency scan analyses on unbalanced networks with balanced and unbalanced current/voltage harmonic sources in the network.

Compliant Harmonic Standards:

IEEE 519-2014 and IEEE 519-2022
IEC 61000-3-6
ANSI/IEEE 399
IEEE 3002.8-2018

Key Features

Harmonic Load Flow Analysis on unbalanced networks.
Harmonic Load Flow Analysis with single phase loads.
Modeling balanced and unbalanced harmonic current and voltage source libraries.
Graphical one-line display of harmonic results per phase and sequence.
Rule books for voltage and current distortion limits based on various available standards.
Alerts per phase for harmonic limit violations.
Includes phase shifting transformers.
Current-injection method.
Total harmonic voltage, current distortion evaluation on phase & sequence networks.
Time-domain waveform plots.
Frequency-domain harmonic spectrum plots.
Voltage & Current harmonic spectrum plots per phase.
Multiple plot database comparison in single window using Plot Analyzer™ tool
IEEE 519 defined harmonic indices.
Skin effect models for motors transformers & branch elements.
Short line and Long line modeling for cables and transmission lines.

Unbalanced Network Harmonic Analysis can be performed on phase and sequence networks. The module considers single phase loads and also the loads on the secondary of transformers with center tap.

This module allows modeling of unbalanced harmonic current and voltage source harmonic libraries and to use them as harmonic sources in the network harmonic analysis.

Harmonic distortion mitigation can be achieved using Active Harmonic Filter. Frequency and time domain simulations can be performed to observe harmonic mitigation.

Harmonic Frequency Scan in UBHA

The Harmonic Frequency Scan in the UBHA module calculates and plots the magnitudes and phase angles of bus driving point impedance over a user-specified frequency range for both phase and sequence networks. This study aims to identify any parallel resonance conditions, and the predicted resonant frequency is displayed in alerts and plots.

Frequency Scan plots, which include self impedance and mutual impedance results, can be generated for phase and sequence networks using the plot view and plot analyzer tools.

Key Features

Frequency Scan study on phase and sequence networks.
Display of phase and sequence impedance results on Frequency Scan plots
Resonance condition identification.
User-definable harmonic frequency scan range and step.
Slider bar for displaying bus driving point impedance magnitude and phase angle at selected frequencies.

Active Harmonic Filter

Active Harmonic Filter synthesizes a current waveform and injects it into the electrical network to cancel harmonic currents caused by nonlinear loads. By injecting the synthesized current, network harmonic currents are mitigated, allowing a clean current to flow back to the utility. This reduces the voltage distortion and heating effects of harmonic current and improves network reliability.

Generic and AccuSine Active harmonic filter models are available for modeling. Both frequency and time domain simulations can be performed to observe harmonic mitigation in the AccuSine filter models.

Key Features

Generic AHF model for harmonic mitigation with harmonic order priority and target limits.
Active Harmonic Filter models: SE PCSn and SE PCS+
Harmonic distortion mitigation based on predefined logic for prioritizing specific harmonic orders.
Frequency and time domain simulations.
User-definable step and simulation time in cycles.

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Unbalanced Network Harmonic Analysis