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Unbalanced Load Flow
A robust and efficient power flow solution method must be able to model special features of distribution systems with sufficient accuracy. With ETAP's Unbalanced Load Flow module, you can easily model your unbalanced system with detailed representation of component unsymmetrical characteristics. Accurate and reliable results are available describing your system’s unbalanced operating conditions. Automatic alarm/warning and advanced features such as automatic line constant calculation make it the most advanced Unbalanced Load Flow program available today.

Key Features

  • Unbalanced power flow
  • Single-phase & unbalanced 3-phase modeling
  • Unbalanced & nonlinear load modeling
  • Phase & sequence voltage, current, & power
  • Voltage & current unbalance factors
  • Transmission line coupling
  • Automatic device evaluation
Capabilities
  • Single-phase, two-phase (2W & 3W), three-phase (3W & 4W)
  • Unbalanced loads & branches
  • Machine internal sequence impedances
  • Machine/transformer various grounding types
  • Modeling of transformer winding connections
  • Transmission line coupling between phases of one line & multiple lines
  • Loads of constant power, constant impedance & constant current
  • Generic load as function of voltage & frequency
  • Generator governors with isochronous or droop mode
  • Generator exciters with AVR or Mvar/PF control
  • Transformer load tap changers (LTC/regulators)
  • Phase-shifting transformers
Flexible Operations
  • Diverse operating conditions
  • Multiple loading categories
  • Multiple generation categories
  • Multiple demand factors
  • Unlimited configurations
  • Different nameplate data
  • Global & individual bus diversity factors
Unique Features
  • Swing, voltage regulated, & unregulated power sources
  • Auto-adjust voltage regulator settings
  • Unlimited configurations
  • Diverse operating conditions
  • Multiple demand factors
  • Current-injection method
  • Five levels of automatic error checking
  • Save solution control parameters for each scenario
  • Make changes to your system & re-run studies instantly
  • Conduct unlimited “what if” studies within one database 10,000+ bus capability


Reports
  • Individual phase & sequence voltage, current, & power
  • Voltage drops, losses, power flows, power factor, voltage / current unbalance factors, etc.
  • Input data, detailed load flows, & summaries
  • State-of-the-art graphic display of results
  • Export reports to your favorite word processing program
  • Graphically display device evaluation results
  • Graphically display buses with marginal or critical under/over voltage
  • Export one-line diagrams including results to third party CAD systems
  • Alert view to display critical & marginal limit violations
 
Study Options
  • User-controlled convergence parameters
  • Multiple loading conditions
  • Multiple generation levels
  • Advanced solution techniques for fast convergence
  • Automatic parameter adjustment for temperature & tolerance
  • Global & individual bus diversity factors
  • Option to update initial conditions
 
Automatic Result Evaluation
  • User-defined alert/warning limits
  • Bus/transformer/cable/line/reactor overloading
  • Bus over/under voltage
  • Generator overload & over/under excitation
  • Voltage & current unbalance level
  • Abnormal negative & zero sequence voltage & current